Friday, October 16, 2009

Demise of Sri. Sethuraman

We are deeply saddened to announce the death of Thiru. Sethuraman, who passed away in the morning of 16th October 2009.

It is a great loss for his family. On behalf of Jeeyapuram residents and the blog site team we would like to express our deepest condolences. Our prayers are always with the family.

Thiru Sethuraman contributed a number of articles to our blog site. His narration about the village and Seethakalyanam function increased the visitors to the blog site. His writings not only impressed the Jeeyapuram residents but also spread the fame of Jeeyapuram to others. He helped us to take the blog site to the next level. Thiru Sethuraman will be greatly missed by his family, friends and by the Jeeyapuram blogsite.

With Deepest Sympathy

Jeeyapuram Residents & Blog site Team


Please find below the email from his family members.

Regret to inform the sudden demise of our dear father V.Sethuraman this morning.
Appa experienced breathing difficulties and was rushed to hospital immediately.
Doctors tried their best to resuscitate, but the end came all of a sudden.
The cremation is scheduled for 17th Oct after noon at Besant Nagar
Crematorium. Our prayers for his soul to rest in peace.

Kamala and Raghu
Ravi and Malathy
Baalaji and Sowmya
Shridhar and Malathy
Contact
no. 91 44 2446 9792

Thursday, August 6, 2009

Contributions requested towards Purchase of a House for Kovil and village needs

Tiruchendurai beckons for help!!

It has been planned by the residents of Tiruchendurai to buy a house on behalf of Sri Bhaktha Sabha (A Trust taking care of the affairs of Venugopala Swami Temple). This would cater to the needs of the temple activity viz., providing accommodation for those visiting Tiruchendurai and hosting temple feasts and festivities in addition to family functions.

The purchase of the property would make dream come true for all the Tiruchendurai’ites and would help in asserting the legacy and upholding the village tradition. Go through the notice below and make a generous contribution towards the project.

(Click on the image to zoom or right click and save it for zooming further)

A walk-through of the house is embedded below in the form of video. For further information on this matter email me at sriram2hi(at)gmail(dot)com

Aadi Kiruthigai Invitation

Friday, June 5, 2009

Thirukkalyanam 2009 - Photos

Swami Ambal in Thirukkalyana Kolam



Swami Ambal Oonjal





Thirukkalyan Seer varisai




Nalungu










Padha Boojai

Photo courtesy: Thiru T.V. Ganesan




Friday, April 24, 2009

Monday, March 16, 2009

Sri Chandrasekaraswami Temple History - Part XII


We have come to the tail end of our excursion now.. I have been looking for a sthala puraanam to be included in this narration but have not been successful.. I have just received a brochure from Sri Shanmugasundara Sivacharya, which details the temple history – not the usual sthala puraana containing legendary tales about the deities, and disciples. This perhaps is a historical record of the temple, culled out from the research done by Dr. R. Kalaikkovan and published in a series of articles in Senthamil Selvi nearly two decades ago..

Editors of this booklet are K. Sridharan, M.A., of the Archaeological Department, and A. Balaguru, M.A.B.L., then Executive Trustee of the Chandrasekaraswami Temple.. The book has been published by “Arulmigu Vadatheerthanaatha Swami Temple” in the year 1998.. (Possibly Andanallur Temple and the Thiruchendurai Temple come under one supervision)

The publication covers most of the details that have been posted so far in the blog, and contains some additional information, which may be of interest to the residents of the village. Some facts mentioned in this publication are not known to me, but residents could easily verify this locally. And the Hindu Religious Endowments Board must have been instrumental in this publication.;

Giving details about the functioning of the temple, it mentions that the Temple had two consecrations (kudamuzhukku) in the years 1962 and 1985 when Sri Purushothama Reddiar and Sri T. Manikkam were Executive Officers of the temple. It mentions that the consecration of the Raja Gopuram is also on the way.

The authors of the booklet have made a very detailed description of the Rajagopuram, and I am quoting same hereunder for the benefit of all readers:

கோபுரத்தில் முன்னூறுக்கும் மேற்பட்ட அழகிய சுதை உருவங்கள் காணப்படுகின்றன. பாம்பின் மீது ஆனந்த தாண்டவம் ஆடும் திருமால், இருபது கரங்களுடன் கூடிய திருவிக்கிரமர், அகோரவீரபத்திரர், கருடவாகனர்,
நான்முக நரசிம்மர், ஊர்த்துவ தாண்டவ சிவன், காளி, ஏகபாதமூர்த்தி, எண்திசைக் காவலர்கள், நரசிம்ம மூர்த்தி, நாயக்க மன்னர் ரிஷபாரூடரை வணங்கும் கோலம் போன்ற அழகிய சுதை உருவங்கள் காணப்படுகின்றன.
இக்கோபுரத்தில் காணப்படும் சுதை உருவங்களில் குறிப்பிடத்தக்க உருவம் ஒன்றும் இருக்கிறது. அம்மன் திரு உருவம் ஒன்று தனது பத்து திருக்கரங்களில் ஆயுதங்கள் ஏந்தி அமர்ந்திருக்கும் திருக்கோலம் அது. அருகில் சேடிகள் இருபுறம் சவுரி வீசி நிற்கின்றனர். நான்குமுகங்களை உடைய இவ்விறைவியின் வலப்புறமுகம்
பன்றியினுடையதாய் அமைந்துள்ளது. இடப்புறம் நரசிங்கமுகம், இரண்டுக்கும் இடையில் நேர் நோக்கிய முகம் சற்று சிதைந்துள்ளது. லட்சுமி, கீர்த்தி, ஜெயா, மாயா என்ற நான்கு பெண் தெய்வங்களின் ஒருங்கிணைந்த வடிவமாக, வைகுந்தரின் தேவியான சக்தி சதுஷ்கா என்ற தேவியே இவ்வுருவம் என்பதை டாக்டர் இரா. கலைக் கோவன் அவர்கள் தம் ஆய்வுக் கட்டுரையில் கூறியுள்ளார்.


(Incidentally this is the special image in the Rajagopuram that has been repainted during the recent consecration, and lamented by S. Gokul of the Varalaaru.com (Temple story – part XI)

The booklet has made a full description of the inner plan of the temple, location of the various idols and the following comments will be of considerable interest to our readers:

இறைவன் கருவறைக்குச் செல்லும் வழியில், ஒரு மேடையும், நந்தியும், பலிபீடமும் உள்ளன. இதன் அருகில்
அர்த்த மண்டப நுழைவு வாயிலில் காணப்படும் துவாரபாலக சிற்பங்கள் சோழர் காலப்பாணியுடன் விளங்குகின்றன. ஒருவர் சாந்தமான பார்வையுடனும், வலப்புறம் இருப்பவர் கோபமான பார்வையுடன் கோறைப்பற்களுடன் காட்சி தருகின்றனர்.. அர்த்த மண்டபத் தூண்களில் ஆடற்கோலத்தில் காணப்படும் மகளிர் சிற்பங்கள் சிறிய வடிவத்தில் செதுக்கப்பட்டுள்ளன.

கருவறையின் வெளிப்புறச் சுவரில் தெற்கில் ரிஷபாரூட தட்சிணாமூர்த்தியாக தனது கரங்களில் அக்கமாலையும் மழுவும் ஏந்தி காட்சி தருகிறார். மற்ற தேவகோஷ்டங்களில் தெய்வ உருவங்கள் காணப்படவில்லை.
கருவறைய்ன் தாங்குதளம் யாளி வரிசையுடன், விருத்த் குமுத அமைப்புடன் பிரதிபந்த அதிஷ்டான வகையைச் சார்ந்ததாக விளங்குகின்றது.


After covering the Artha Mandapa, and the ‘Garbagriha, the article talks about the moola vimana of the Temple.

கருவறையின் மேல், இரண்டு தளமுடைய விமானம் முழுவதும் கல்லாலேயே செய்து அமைக்கப்பட்டுள்ளது.
நாசுரம் எனப்படும் சதுர வடிவமான விமானமாக உள்ளது. விமானத்தில் கங்காதரமூர்த்தி, தட்சிணாமூர்த்தி, திருமால், பிரம்மா ஆகியோர் தேவதைகளாக அமைக்கப்பட்டுள்ளனர். விமானத்தின் கழுத்துப் பகுதியில் ஆடும், கோலங்களில் மகளிர் சிற்பங்கள் காணப்படுகின்றன.

The book details then about the deities and small temples around the main one, and ultimately describes the various stone inscriptions found in the temple. We had earlier detailed some of these inscriptions and there are some we have left out which we now present for your reading

திருச்செந்துறைக் கோயிலில் முதலாம் ஆதித்த சோழன் காலத்திலிருந்து, பராந்தக சோழன், இராஜேந்திர சோழன், முதலாம் குலோத்துங்கன், இராஜாதிராஜன், விக்கிரம சோழன், இரண்டாம் இராஜராஜன், கோனேரி தேவராயன், விஜய நகர மன்னர் ஸ்ரீரங்கதேவ மகாராயர் காலம் வரையிலும் காணப்படும் ஐம்பது கல்வெட்டுக்கள் கோயில் தொடர்பான செய்திகள் மட்டுமல்லாமல், அக்கால மக்களின் சமூக பொருளாதார நிலை
பற்றிய செய்திகளைத தருகின்றன.

These cover nearly four centuries of the inscriptions – not only the royal family gifted money, and lands for the maintenance of the temple and its day-to-day functions, but there are some ordinary and simple residents of the village who have gifted the temple, and these are evidenced by the following notes:

இக்கோயில் இறைவன் திருப்பாதத்தில் சேருமாறு இங்குள்ள கல்லம்பலத்தில், சூரியன் சந்திரன் உள்ளவரையும் நீர் கொண்டு வந்து சேர்ப்பிக்கும் செலவினங்களுக்காக , பாரதாயன் நக்கன் கண்டன் என்பவர் ஊர் சபையாரிடம் விலைக்குப்பெற்ற நிலத்தைக் கொடையாக வழங்கியுள்ளார். செம்பியன் இளங்கோவேளான் என்பவர் இறைவனுக்கு முன் நான்கு நந்தா விளக்கு எரிக்கவும், இறைவனுக்கு அபிஷேகம் செய்யவும் கோயிலில் எழுப்பப் படும் பஞ்ச மா சப்தம் இசைக்கும் தானம் அளித்துள்ளார்.

கரடிகை, மத்தளம், சங்கு, காளம் ஆகிய நான்கு இசைக் கருவிகளும் மற்றும் மிடறும் (வாய்ப்பாட்டு) சேர்ந்ததே பஞ்ச மா சப்தம் என அழைக்கப்பட்டது. சோழன்மாதேவி கிராமத்தில் உள்ள கைலாசமுடையார் கோயிலிலும், பஞ்சமா சப்தம் செய்ய்யப்பட்டதாக கல்வெட்டுகள் கூறுகின்றன.



+++

கோயிலில் காணப்படும் விக்கிரம சோழனின் ஆட்சி மூன்றாம் ஆண்டு கல்வெட்டு – வரகூருடையான் சொற்றுகை கங்கை சடைகரந்தானிடம் பத்து காசுகள் பெற்று சிவ அந்தணர்கள் சிலர் கோயிலில் விளக்கு
எரிக்கும் அறத்தை மேற்கொண்டுள்ளனர் - இக்கல்வெட்டின் இறுதிபகுதியில் வெண்பா ஒன்றுள்ளது

உண்ணலாம் நெய்யோடு சோறு ஒவ்வாதே எப்பொழுதும்
பண்ணெலாம் பாடியிருக்கலாம் -மண்ணெலாம்
அகல் மாட நீடூர் கூர் கங்கை சடைக்கரந்தான்
பொன் மாடத் தெப்பொழுதும் புக்கு !!


Before concluding, I must mention that the temple was visited by Thiru Gnanasambandar and verses 6.1.341 and 6.1.342 of the Periya Puranam of Sekkizhar stand proof to this visit. He was on a pilgrimage tour of the Siva temples on the southern bank of Cauvery, and after a visit to Kulithalai, and Thirupparaiththurai, he visted Alandurai (the present day Andanallur) and Tiruchendurai.



நீடும் பராய்த்துறை நெற்றித்தனிக் கண்ணர் கோயில் நண்ணிக்
கூடும் கருத்தொடு கும்பிட்டுக் கோதில் தமிழ் சொல் மாலை
பாடும் கவுணியர் கண்பணி மாரி பரந்திழியச்
சூடும் கரதலத்து அஞ்சலி கோலித் தொழுது நின்றார். (6.1.341)

தொழுது புறம்பணைந்து அங்கு நின்றேகிச்சுரர் பணிவுற்று
எழுதிரு ஆலந்துறை திருச்செந்துறையே முதலா
வழுவில் பல் கோயில்கள் சென்று வணங்கி மகிழ்ந்தணைவார்
செழு மலர்ச் சோலைத் திருக்கற்குடி மலை சேர வந்தார் (6.1.342)

It is our bad luck, that we do not have any record of any hymn composed by him during this visit, but we should be happy our village got a mention in the Periya Puranam of Sekkizhar.

The residents of the village must be thankful to Dr. R. Kalaikkovan and his team, who have researched the inscriptions in this temple, and who have published articles in their magazine – and the Team is rendering yeomen service in this field..

And it is time for the residents of the village to try and bring out the glory of the temple on their own..

I must express my sincere thanks for all those who helped me in this narration, particularly Amrit Ram, T.V. Chandrasekaran, T. V. Ganesan and Shanmugasundara Sivacharyar. But for Amrit Ram we would not have known that eminent scholars had researched the temple history and published articles, copies of which were provided by him.

-Sethuraman

Monday, March 2, 2009

Sri Chandrasekaraswami Temple History - Part XI


Thanks to the Pallava, Chola and Pandian dynasties Tamil Nadu is gifted with hundreds of Saivaite and Vaishnavite temples, and the Cholas literally built temples on both banks of the River Cauvery all the way. It is a little later the Bhakti cult in the Tamil speaking land reached its top, during the period of Nayanmars and Alwars, and their hymns were recorded permanently in the twelve Thirumurais, and the Nalayira Divya Prabandham respectively. The hymns were set to music and became an integral part of ritual worship in the temples, which came to be hailed as 108 Divyadesas in Sri Vaishnavism, and ‘Padal Petra Sthalangal” in Saivism. It is said that 274 of the Siva temples in Tamil Nadu are the proud recipients of this divine award.

Thirunavukkarasar, Thirugnanasambandar, Sundarar and Manickavasagar are the four whose creations are popular.. While the hymns of the first three above are called
‘Thevaram’, Manickavasagar’s is called ‘Thiruvachagam’. The Thevaram and Thiruvachagam songs, were set to music by Nambiandar Nambi, even though some believe that Lord Siva himself did that.

The devout Nayanmars visited the temples all over Tamil Nadu, by walk, singing the praise of the Lord – and they have visited temples in Tiruchirapalli, Thiruvanaikoil, Uraiyur, Tirupparaithurai, Kulithalai etc. – though they must have passed through our village Tiruchendurai, the Chandrasekaraswamy Temple did not however find a place in the ‘padal petra sthalams’. Some say the Nayanmars would never have missed such a big temple in the Kaveri belt, and it is possible that the hymns composed by one or all of them have been lost somehow. It is unbelievable, but it is true.

In the fifties Vakeesa Kalanidhi, Ki.Va. Jagannathan paid a visit to our village. I had the pleasure of accompanying him all the way from Madras, to Tiruchi, then to Vayaloor and our village. When he visited the Chandrasekaraswamy Temple that evening, the first question he asked was whether there was a paadal on Tiruchendurai temple, and we could only answer him in the negative.

K.V.J., soon after darshan at the Swamy and Ambal Sannadhis composed a hymn, instantaneously, and some of us took notes of this hymn. When recently, I tried to trace this song with the residents of the village, I failed in my attempts, but I am still continuing my efforts to trace this hymn. I still remember the first line of this couplet and here it is:

மானேந்து கரதலத்தாள் மழுவேந்து ................

It should be there somewhere, in one of the note books of the residents, or in the memory of the elders and I wish they provide the full text of the couplet to the blog, as their contribution.

While there are over fifty stone inscriptions in the Temple, there are not many stone sculptures in our temple, barring one or two..



The above is the image of Vrshabhantika found in our temple. Vrshabhantikamoorthy is one of the forms of the Umakesa moorthys – leaning over Nandhi, the bull, and the lord’s right hand between the horns of the Nandi. The head of the lord is slightly tilted, and there is a kindly smile in his face. This will remind one of an identical pose of Sri Venugopala too! This image is in position in the Devakoshta niche.. Nandi the Bull, as we all know, is the Dharma Devatha, who was given asylum by lord Siva during the Maha Pralaya, and accepted as a ‘vahana’ by the lord. Lord Siva and Ambigai astride Nandi the dharmadevatha, with their hands in a blessing mode, is the speciality of the ‘vrshabanthikamoorthy’

The Chandrasekaraswamy Temple also gets a mention in history for the bronze idol of Nataraja. This idol in the ardhamandapa is in the ‘Urdhvajanu’ style and the scholars say
(excerpts from article by Dr. M. Rajamanickanaaar)

*** Urdhvajanu, is one of the hundred and eight karanas, and literally means ‘raised knee” Sculptures at Chidambaram, Thanjavur, and Kumbakonam have their right knee raised up to the waist. Even though the knee has not been raised up to the level of chest, as per the definition, this can still be called ‘urdhvajanu’ as presumably this represents an intermediate stage of the karana. Sculptures of Siva in this karana are sparsely seen in Tamilnadu, and the early Chola examples are seen at the Kuranganatha Temple in Srinivasanallur, Tenvayil Srikoil of Keezhaiyur, Nageswara Temple of Kumbakona, Siva Temple at Tirukkodikka AND CHANDRASEKARA TEMPLE AT TIRUCHENDURAI.

Gokul Seshadri of the Varalaaru.com, tells me that one of the extremely rare deity forms called ‘sakthi sathushka’ was found in the Rajagopuram of the Chandrasekaraswamy Temple, during the group research work; but during the Kumbabishegam renovations, this image was painted with modern colours and in an ugly way. This happens whenever a Kumbabishekam takes place, and the workers who are unaware of the beauties of the images in the gopuram just paint it in any manner on supervisor’s instructions. We should learn a lesson from this remark, that whenever a renovation is scheduled, some knowledgeable person should look all the sculptures and train the supervisors and workers to use perhaps mild color paints and retain the beauties in their original form.

It is heartening to learn that the residents of the village, since 2006 are now celebrating the divine wedding of Chandrasekharaswamy and Mrigadharambigai, in the month of Chithirai (April-May) every year. Make this a grand event and attend in large numbers !!



(photo taken during 2008 Thirukkalyanam at Tiruchendurai – courtesy VVS and Sivaram )

(to be continued)

- Sethuraman

Monday, February 16, 2009

Sri Chandrasekaraswami Temple History - Part X



What you see above is yet another view of the moola vimanam of the Chandrasekaraswamy Temple, and the ornamental engravings in one of the panels.
(photo courtesy – Early Chola Art – S.R. Balasubrahmanyam)

Some of the images in the vimana, have been affected by nature - rains, and sunshine, but are fairly visible.

The Tiruchendurai Temple has the deity in ‘chandrasekara moortham’. According to the ancient manuscript ‘Siva Parakramam’, there are sixty four forms of Lord Siva, and Chandrasekara belongs to the group ‘Uma Kesa Murthy’, and the others in this group are Somaskanda, Rishabaarooda, and Gangadhara et al.

The legend says that Daksha gave in marriage to the charming Chandra, his twentyseven daughters (the twentyseven stars), on condition that Chandra should love and treat all twentyseven girls alike, and should not show special favours to anyone in particular.
However, Chandra did not keep his promise, and treated Aswini and Rohini specially and neglected all others (there is a second version that he gives the place of pride to Rohini alone).. Naturally the other girls are disappointed and complained to Dakshan, who speaks to Chandra and gives him a warning that he should mend his ways, otherwise he will face the displeasure of Daksha. For awhile Chandra treats all alike, but then goes back on his words – angered by Chandra’s act, Daksha curses Chandra and says that all his charms will go down day by day. Chandra’s brightness starts waning day by day and when he becomes the size of the ‘crescent moon’ Chandra surrenders himself before Lord Siva and pleads with him to restore his charm and beauty.. Lord Siva responds to Chandra’s appeal, and immediately adorns his forehead with the ‘crescent moon’ -- when Chandra pleaded again, Lord Siva advises him that he cannot prevent the waning aspect, but as a special favour to Chandra, assures him that he will grow back to the full charm in an identical period. This is the waning and waxing aspect of Moon.

Chandra was cursed by Daksha, because he broke his promise to treat all the girls alike, but when Chandra realized his mistake, and penitently surrendered before the Lord, he became eligible for a normal life, and that is why Lord adorned him on his forehead… that is the legend behind the “Chandrasekara Murthy”

Knowingly or unknowingly if one were to commit a mistake, and later realizes the fault, he/she should surrender before the Lord to absolve oneself of the wrong deed, and Lord is sure to grace one by his kindness. (excerpts from Siva Murthys 64 – by Thellaru Mani)

The legend circulating around our villages on this, according to Sri Shanmugasundara Sivacharya of the Chandrasekaraswamy Temple in Tiruchendurai, is also on identical lines, but with a change. Dakshayani, the eldest of Dakshan’s daughters was given in marriage to Lord Siva, and there is another episode about Daksha and Siva resulting in the annihilation of Daksha. The daughters very close to Chandran were Krithika and Rohini, and that when Chandran surrendered to the Lord , he appeared along with Uma in an embrace, astride Nandi, in the vrishabarooda/vrshabhantika mode and gave him asylum by adorning Chandran on his forehead.

It is said that Tiruchendurai also was a ‘paadal petra sthalam’ but that the paadal was lost; the nayanmars have sung the praise of the nearby temples, Kulittalai, Thiruvanaikoil, and when they have some so close, would they have missed Tiruchendurai? This has been haunting me all the while.




(to be continued)

-Sethuraman

Tuesday, February 3, 2009

Sri Chandrasekaraswami Temple History - Part IX


What you see here below is the moola vimanam of the Chandrasekaraswamy temple at Tiruchendurai , quite some decades ago. You also have a glimpse of the sthalavriksha Palamaram on the left corner.. You can see the images of some of the Hindu deities in the gopuram..

(Moolavar Temple at the Tiruchendurai Chandrasekaraswami Temple – courtesy Encyclopaedia of Indian Temple Architecture – South India, Lower Dravidadesa 200 B.C. – A.D. 1324 – contribution by K.V.Soundararajan, edited by Michael W. Meister – publication of the American Institute of Indian Studies)

According to Douglas Barrett,The vimanam is of two talas (bases) with a square griva and sikara, all of stone but obscured by stucco. The north and west Devakoshtas (abode of devas) are empty, but the south contains a good vrsvahana in only fair condition. The tympana are of the most elaborate form, but covered with paint. There are excellent images in the second tala, Dakshinamurthi in the south, Vishnu in the West, and Brahma in the north, and beautiful small figures of adorers.

Just as there are many parts that go into the making of a human body, the temples are also made of various parts, reflecting the skills of the ancient sthapathis (temple builders).. The Padhabandham (basement/foundation), the Prathibandham/Padmabandham (structures, pillars, pilasters, walls etc. – the torso), the gireevam (neck) – the vimanam. The Padabandham consists of Jagathi, Kumudham, Kandam, and Pattikai. Stone inscriptions are usually found in Jagathi, and the Kumudam contains flower patterns. @

If it is a square pillar, it is called Brahmakantham, an octagon pillar is called Vishnukantham, and one with sixteen sides is called Indirakantham.. Similarly circular pillars are called Rudrakantham @. -- (@ excerpts from article on Temple Architecture by Dr.S.Kamalakannan, in the Varalaaru magazine).

Dr. S.R.Balasubramanyam, in his book “Early Chola Art” has the following to say:

The Tiruchenduraii Chandrasekaraswami Temple is built of stone, known as ‘karrali’. The garbagraha is a square measuring 17’6” each side in the exterior and 7’ in the interior.

The Ardhamandapa runs 17’6” in front and is supported in the interior by four pillars in the centre, and two pilasters, on each side. The corbel and the capital of the pillars are of fine workmanship.

You would have noticed from the picture of the ardhamandapa, in the previous post, how the interior and the pillars looked. There are two square pillars, and two circular pillars in the ardhamandapa, and the square pillar has also other patterns and designs displayed in it. You would also have seen some dark patches in the pillars, and these are actually sculptures, somewhat worn out, and hidden by the white lime coating – someone has tried to bring out the images, and they are visible to some extent. Next time you visit the ardhamandapa, look for these sculptures.

The adhishtana (moulded basement) has padmam and kumudam mouldings, with a yali frieze above it. Circles adorn the edges of cornic. It has two talas (storeys). There are pancharas with a barrel roof in the centre and cubical ones with four sided curvilinear sikharas on the edges.

The griva is foursided, and the sikara is square and curvilinear. The niches on the walls of the garbagriha contain Rishabavahanar in the south replaced in its front by a modern Dakshinamurthi, Vishnu in the west and Brahma in the North.

The deity of the Siva temple is called in early inscriptions “Tiruchchendurai Karrali Parameswarar’ or Perumanadigal, situated in the brahmadeya of Isanamangalam in Uraiyur Kootram

SRB also makes a mention that the Viswanatha shrine situated within the Chandrasekara temple has an inscription of the 20th year of Rajakesarivarman, stating that there was, in the western part of the village, a Vishnu temple called Merrali (the western temple). Usually all Vishnu temples are located in the western part of the village and are called Tirumerrali. This was known as Pulalaya Vinnagar but this temple cannot be traced now.

(to be continued)

-Sethuraman

Thursday, January 15, 2009

Sri Chandrasekaraswami Temple History - Part VIII

SRI CHANDRASEKARASWAMI AND MRIGADHARAMBIGAI -- Tiruchendurai
(photo courtesy – V.V. Sriram)




You enter the ardha mandapam, housing some of the vahanams , and superb bronze idols of ‘Nataraja’ and ‘Somaskanda’ – stand in the inner hall, before the sanctum sanctorum to have a darshan of Sri Chandrasekara…after that you proceed to the Ambal Sannadhi for a darshan – then enter the inner prakara where in the corner is located the ‘madappalli’ and by its side the temple well. Going through the Prakara, on the southwest corner was a dilapidated mandapa and an idol, which we were given to understand was once the ‘Kasi Viswanatha’ temple. Exactly behind the sanctum sanctorum, on the inner prakara was the ‘Subrahmanyaswami’ sannidhi – and in the northwest corner the stood the sthalavriksha, The Pala Tree, and on the northern wall the ‘Chandikeswara’ temple.


Mahesh, at my request, prepared a sketch of the temple as it stands today duly marking the various locations And I find that there has not been any major change excepting some minor shifting of the idols. For instance, the Gajalakshmi idol has been relocated, and in its place Dandapani has arrived. Nirruthi Vinayaka has an abode in southwestern corner, behind the renovated Kasi Viswanatha temple. Was the Nirruthi Vinayaka there earlier or is it a new construction? A vilvam tree keeps company with the sthala vriksha, which now has a small structure and a nandi before it. The entrance to the main temple has not seen much change, excepting it has a small portal on top of it. In the outer prakara, where there is a mandap – he calls it Nataraja Mandapa, but in my days we used to call it Jambunathaswami Mandapa.. Please see the following sketch of Mahesh.

(Click on the image to enlarge)



According to K.V. Soundararajan (former Joint Director General of Archaeology) The Chandrasekaraswami Temple at Tiruchendurai is related, in style, to the Moovarkoil at Kodumbalur, and the Sundareswararkoil at Tirukkattalai.. The Moovarkoil was built by Bhuti Vikramakesari alias Maravan Pudi, father of Pudi Aditta Pidariar (who built the Tiruchendurai temple) – Michael Meister, editing contributions of KVS, in the Encyclopaedia of Indian Temple Architecture says:

A building that still has some of the Moovarkoil look is the Candrasekhara temple at Tiruccendurai. Founded by Maravan Pudi’s daughter, Pudi Aditta Pidari, sometime before the 23rd year of Rajakesarivarma (Aditya I) A.D.894, it represents one more royal foundation of the Irrukuvel House. In size it is slightly smaller than the Moovarkoil buildings, being 21 ft. in diameter.

The temple has, as at the Moovarkoil, a Padmapushkala type of adhishtanam, the portion from the padma downward is presently buried in silt. The wall is relieved by Brahmakanta pilasters with the usual decorative carving. There are three devakoshta niches, one on each bhadra. The back niche, which may once have harboured Vishnu or perhaps Ardhanari, is now empty. Images of Vrsabhantika Siva (south) and Brahma (north) are still in position. The toranas of the Devakoshtas are enriched with figures and pearl festoons, the latter reminiscent of the Kilaiyur temples of the Paluvettaraiyar chiefs. The bhutamala shows a medley of figures – gajas, vyalas, hamsas, cakravakas, nagas, kapis and the like) together with the usual bhutas.

In the superstructure, the tall sadvarga khandaharmyas in the bhadras of the parapet of the first thala somewhat recall the central Tirubhutisvara shrine in the Moovarkoil complex. The kutas and netrakoshtas (ksudranasikas) in the hara portions bear seated figures of amaras, etc. and the images on the grhapindi walls are standing figures in varied postures. The pairs of apsaras figures which appear in the griva may have been put there later. The grivadevatas include Umasahita (east) Dakshinamurti (south), Vishnu (west) and Brahma (north).

The ardhamandapa has no devakoshtas; its entrance is flanked by split pilasters and dvarapalas with an elaborate and ornamented hairdo. Four free-standing pillars of the Misraka class occupy the nave. ***

I am amazed that so many scholars had visited our Temple in the past and made these valuable observations. There may be some more contributions, which I am not aware of, but endeavouring to find. Every visitor to the temple should now look for the images and inscriptions, and make efforts to protect and preserve them. That is the least we could do now.

- to be continued

- Sethuraman

Friday, January 2, 2009

Sri Chandrasekaraswami Temple History - Part VII





The Rajagopuram of Sri Chandrasekaraswami Temple, Tiruchchendurai stands majestically after the recent Kumbabishekam. There was, I learn, an earlier renovation in the year 1955, when the residents of the village went after the public for donations so this could be done. An appeal brought out at that time by the residents reads as under :

Renovation of the Ancient Temple of Lord Sri Chandrasekaraswami in Tiruchendurai Village.

The above temple is situated on the southern bank of the river Kaveri. It is an ancient temple referred to in the sayings of the renowned Tamil saints and Thevaram songs. It is dedicated to Lord Sri Chandrasekarar and Shakthi Sri Mrigadharambikai. The deity is also known as Mrithyunjayeswaramurthy after a local tradition of the manifestation of His Grace to a devotee called Sivamoorthy. Once a year Lord Sri Ranganathaswami of the famous Srirangam Temple comes to this village for the purpose, according to tradition, of performing pooja in this Temple. During the Chola rule the temple had been endowed with gifts from the members of the royal house as is evidenced by the inscriptions to be seen on the stone walls even now.

The old temple is now in a state of bad disrepair.. It is estimated that Rs.25000 will be the minimum required just to touch up the dilapidated portions of the walls, gopuram, etc. of the sanctum sanctorum of the Lord and Shakthi and the subsidiary temples of Shri Kasi Viswanatha, Ganesha, Subramania round about in the compound.

The President of the Renovation Committee was K.S.Chandrasekara Iyer, Vice-Presidents: T.S.Radhakrishnan, K. Rama-
Chandra Iyer, R. Venkatarama Iyer / Secretary: T.M.Krishnamoorthy Iyer (then Trustee of the temple) – Asst.Secretaries : T.V.Muthukrishnan, M.S.Venkataraman, N. Sanjeeviraman and G. Ramarathnam /Treasurer: T.M.Venkatarama Iyer

My recollection of the premises – first the Rajagopuram, then the Nandikeswarar Sannidhi – on the right side of Nandikeswarar, the Jambunathaswami Mandapam and thatched shed of the local Elementary School – this is the outer prakara with coconut trees, vilvam, poovarasu etc. – on the southern side we had a badminton court and in the west prakara we used to play football -- then comes the temple entrance, but no gopuram at all. -- and as you got in, the sanctum and the aavudaiyar will be clearly visible on a straight line from the entrance.. In the left side the Temple Nadhaswara Artistes played the instruments, and on the right centre is the Sannadhi of Mrigadharambigai, with a small prakara to it, on the right corner the ‘Navagrahas’ (presumably a later addition)… A little further up is the entrance to the Sanctum – on the left side is an image of Vallabha Ganapathi and on the right Gajalakshmi (adjacent to the opening, allowing entry from the northern inner prakara)



Photo taken on Arudradarsanam Day a few years ago – Sarvasris V. Srinivasan, T. V. Muthukrishnan, N. Sivaramakrishnan, V. Seshagiri, Muthukandaswamy and Srimathi Muthukandaswamy)

This is how the entrance to Sri Chandrasekaraswami Temple looks now. As you enter, on the right side is the galaxy of Navagrahas, statues of Bhairava and Surya, on the left is the area where the Nadhaswaram, Thavil vidwans of the temple create the divine music for the deities. The sanctum sanctorum and the Avudaiyar are clearly visible from the entrance itself; there is a central mandapa and on the right side is the sannidhi of Sri Mrigadharambigai.

A little further up is the entrance to the ardhamandapa, with the Vallabha Ganapathy, and Dandapani images flanking on the left and right sides.



(Abishekam being performed to Lord Nataraja, on Arudradarsanam day in 2003)

The word ‘arudra’ means ‘getting drenched’ and it is the day everyone gets drenched by the grace of Lord Siva. It is also on this day, it is said, that Lord Nataraja performed his cosmic dance for two of his ardent disciples Pathanjali and Vyaghrapaadha (Vaithikasri December 2008) –

The Arudra Darsanam falls on the 10th January 2009. In the old days the Swamy used to be carried around the streets of the village, but I learn that this is not being done now for want of donors/sponsors.

I could easily visualize the deities being brought outside and a drama enacted at the Tiruchendurai Temple, when the lord acts as a messenger to Paravaiar, on behalf of Sundarar.. The Odhuvar will be singing the hymns all through, and all of us will be adorned by ‘karuppu chandu’ a specialty on this day.

And everyone will also remember the ‘Kali’ that is made this day as special prasadam for the Lord Nataraja at homes. Rice pounded, and jaggery are the ingredients for making Kali, and the vegetable side dish must be of seven vegetables.

The deity’s procession around the streets of the village was reintroduced some years ago, but when I looked at a picture taken at that time, only the Swamy, the carriers, and four or five people were in the procession. The whole street was deserted otherwise. It looked miserable and obviously the residents in the village were somewhat indifferent – the procession was abandoned in the later years.

I fervently hope that the residents of the village, particularly the younger generation, make a sincere effort to revive the procession and be blessed by Chandrasekara.
(to be continued)

- Sethuraman